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Authors
Wang, Kung-Jeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5404-5023
Tang, Yu-Chun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 113-2221-E-011 -127 -MY3)
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
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Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 24 January 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This research did not require ethical approval as it involved solely the analysis of de-identified dataset. All data utilized was either openly accessible or anonymized, ensuring no risk to individual privacy or welfare.
: All authors have checked the manuscript and have agreed to the submission.
