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BMTD3: An Enhanced TD3 for Mapless Autonomous Navigation with BiGRU and Multi-Head Attention

Published Online: 2025-12-26

Authors

Zhang, Haohua

Sun, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7494-2971
Liu, Pengyuan

Ding, Derui

Sun, Ran
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (62203306)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (62373251)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-26

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-16
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Article History

Received: 20 May 2025

Accepted: 11 December 2025

First Online: 26 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

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