Funding for this research was provided by:
the Chinese National Natural Science Fund (12227801)
Science and Technology Cooperation Special Project of Shijiazhuang (SJZZXA24004)
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0241)
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0429)
Innovative Research Groups of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (A2024202045)
Key Technologies and Demonstration Application Research Project for Large-scale Lithium-ion Hybrid Energy Storage Equipment (HC23118)
Science and Technology Research Program of Luzhou (2023JYJ015)
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Application Technology of Luzhou (KLFC-2408-B)
Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJZD-K202200702)
Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 25 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.