Mohd Yusuf, Shahir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-5637
Mohamed, Intan Fadhlina
Samad, Sarminah
Gao, Nong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project (PNURSP2025R4)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 25 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.