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Authors
Babakr, Karukh Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-2549
Qader, Ibrahim Nazem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-3799
Rasul, Hazhar Hamad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-4873
Aziz, Shujahadeen Bakr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-5394
Mohammed, Safar Saeed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-8024
Hamid, Dlshad Aziz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-4419
Salih, Ibrahim Luqman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5152-6713
Mahmood, Peshawa Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-6574
Ibrahim, Pshdar Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-6732
Muhammed, Abubakr Wsu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-8285
Ali, Bala Talib https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9634-9938
Aspoukeh, Peyman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-6458
Khojasteh, Hossein https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-3396
Hamad, Samir Mustafa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5100-5520
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: There are no financial and non-financial competing interests.
: This study aligns with the National Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by addressing key scientific challenges. Specifically, the research contributes to SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.
