Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52203153)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22278344)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12202340)
the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2025A1515012122)
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment (EIPE24211)
Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Not applicable.