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Authors
Mustapa, Mohd Sabri
Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-8586
Razak, Rafiza Abd
Yahya, Zarina
Bras, Ana Armada
Imjai, Thanongsak
Vizureanu, Petrica
Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Abd
Mohamed, Rosnita
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (JPT.S (BPKI)2000/016/018/019 Jld. (10))
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that there is not any known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Our study did not require an ethical board approval because it did not contain human or animal trails.
