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Authors
Alharbi, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-4703
Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas
Al-Hadeethi, Yas
Umar, Ehtisham
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 20 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no known financial or personal competing interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical research practices. No human participants or animals were involved that would require formal ethical approval.Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Riphah International University under the project number R-ORIC-23/FEAS/CIP932.
