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Authors
Abed, Shireen Mohammed
Mohammad, Sabah M.
Sifawa, Abubakar A. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5934-9779
Hassan, Z.
Abdullah, Mundzir
Naser, Hameed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/STG07/USM/02/1)
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 27 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors affirm that they possess no acknowledged financial conflicts of interest or personal relationships that could have possibly influenced the research presented in this paper.
