Nazir, Aisha
Siddique, Sofia
Rasheed, Hamza
Younas, Muhammad
Ishfaq, Sana
Mehmood, Umer https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5252-4429
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (CPEC-08)
Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 27 September 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests. There are no financial or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this manuscript.
: The authors affirm that this research was conducted in accordance with ethical standards. No human participants or animals were involved in this study, and therefore, ethical approval was not required.