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Authors
Salma, M. A.
Ilhamsyah, A. B. P.
Abd-Shukor, R.
Hapipi, N. Mohd
Kechik, M. M. Awang
Lim, K. P.
Hak, R. Che
Baqiah, H.
Chen, S. K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2023/STG05/UPM/02/6)
Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 8 February 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
