Khairudin, A. R. M.
Aziz, N. A. S.
Rahman, M. Y. A.
Umar, A. A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
UNITEN BOLD 2023 (J510050958)
Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/STG07/UKM/02/2)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 11 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.