Mazlan, Marsya Nadhirah
Jamaludin, Siti Hajar Wahida
Khadzait, Nur Dini Ayuni
Rosli, Nur Iman Nabilah
Zamri, Nur Shazlin
Kadir, Aini Syuhaini Abdul
Zainuri, Dian Alwani
Razak, Ibrahim Abdul
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2025/STG07/USM/02/1)
Article History
Received: 6 March 2026
Accepted: 3 May 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.