Macartney, Robyn A.
Fricker, Annabelle T. R.
Tajalla, Gusti U. N.
Smith, Andrew M.
Kishida, Shosei
Fedele, Stefano
Roy, Ipsita
Knowles, Jonathan C.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/X026108/1)
Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: IR is a Director of PHAsT Limited, (CSO) that develops biomedical grade polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) for a variety of applications including healthcare and biomedical applications. However, the material used in this work weren’t developed by PHAsT limited and were produced in IR’s laboratory.