Article History
Received: 19 October 2018
Accepted: 4 February 2019
First Online: 1 August 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Lori Ann Post, Zev Balsen, Richard Spano, and Federico E. Vaca declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study formal consent is not required.
: This study relied on secondary data analysis and thus informed consent was unnecessary. All identifiers were deleted from database and data only are presented in the aggregate. There were no human participants or animals. This study was reviewed and approved by Northwestern and Yale Universities, and University of New Haven IRBs as it was exempt. This study was unfunded.