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Article History

Received: 21 November 2021

Accepted: 14 March 2022

First Online: 5 May 2022

Declarations

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: All studies were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice principles.The Pa-COVID-19 study was approved by the ethics committee of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA2/066/20) and is registered in the German and WHO international clinical trials registry (DRKS00021688).The Covimmun-study was approved by the ethics committee of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA1/068/20).The study “Evaluation der humoralen und zellulären Immunantwort und der thromboembolischen Komplikationen bei Infektion mit dem neuartigen Coronavirus (nCoV19)” was approved by the Kantonale Ethikkommission KEK, Bern, Switzerland, Nr. 2020–00877, and is registered under the name “Characterizing the Immune Response and Neuronal Damage in COVID-19” at (NCT04510012).The three studies (COVID-19 Register Freiburg, FREEZE-Covid19 cohort, and Biomarker COVID-19) were approved by the ethics committee of the University of Freiburg (EK-FR 153/20; FREEZE-Biobank EK-FR 383/19; EK-FR 225/20) and are registered in the German and WHO international clinical trials registry (DRKS00021522 for Biomarker COVID-19).The Covid-Immun study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg (S148/2020) and is registered in the German clinical trials registry (DRKS00021810).

: Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all individual participants included in the studies. Furthermore, the authors affirm that human research participants provided written informed consent for publication of their demographic, clinical and laboratory data.

: V.M.C is named together with Euroimmun GmbH on a patent application filed recently regarding the diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2 by antibody testing. Technische Universität Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, and Charité—Universitätsmedizin have filed a patent application for siRNAs inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication with D.N. as co-author. J.C.S, T.S. (full departmental disclosure): the department of Intensive Care Medicine has/had research and/or development/consulting contracts with (full disclosure) Orion Corporation, Abbott Nutrition International, B. Braun Medical AG, CSEM SA, Edwards Lifesciences Services GmbH/SA, Kenta Biotech Ltd, Maquet Critical Care AB, Omnicare Clinical Research AG, Phagenesis Ltd, Cytel, and Nestlé. No personal financial gains resulted from respective development/consulting contracts and/or educational grants.