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Authors
Äärimaa, Elli
Kesäläinen, Anssi
Askeli, Samuel
Toivonen, Anne
Savonius, Okko
Brück, Oscar
Lusila, Pauliina
Vettenranta, Kim
Heinonen, Santtu
Jahnukainen, Timo
Koskenvuo, Minna
Siitonen, Sanna
Lehtimäki, Sari
Kekäläinen, Eliisa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District Regional Committee on Medical Research Ethics (permit nos. HUS/3159/2021 and HUS/2306/201). Informed consent was acquired from the participants’ guardians in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All blood samples were stored and processed anonymously. The lymphocyte subset data from IEI patients were analyzed as pseudonymized in the HUS Acamedic operating environment.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
