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Authors
Wang, Sibao
Luo, Gang
Ji, Zhixian
Pan, Silin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2024ZD0527000 and No. 2024ZD0527002)
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Article History
Received: 14 December 2025
Accepted: 11 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study received approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University (Reference: QDFYKY-2021-12) prior to enrollment of any participants, covering both biospecimen collection and clinical data extraction. Written informed consent was secured from the legal guardians of all participating children, clearly delineating the study’s objectives, blood sampling protocols, associated risks, data confidentiality safeguards, and the right to withdraw without compromising clinical care. Upon collection, all biological samples were given unique study identifiers. The principal investigator keeps the de-identification key safe and only a few people can access it. The institutional biobank keeps the rest of the biospecimens according to standard operating procedures.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
