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Authors
Le, Kim My
Lindsay, Bayley E.
Bauman, Bradly M.
Kettunen, Kaisa
Ylinen, Anne
Kaustio, Meri
Kesti, Tapio
Mamia, Nanni
Heiskanen, Kaarina
Martelius, Timi
Huttunen, Pasi
Milner, Joshua D.
Seppänen, Mikko R. J.
Saarela, Janna
Snow, Andrew L.
Grönholm, Juha
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 31 August 2026
Declarations
Conflicts of Interest: KML is funded by the University of Helsinki; JG and MRJS by Sigrid Juselius foundation; MRJS and JG by HUS Pediatric Research Center internal funding; MRJS by Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Research; and JG by Stiftelsen Frimurare Barnhuset i Stockholm, Finnish Medical foundation, Academy of Finland (#321578 and #362029), and Emil Aaltonen Foundation. J.S. has been supported by the Research Council of Norway (#187615), NordForsk (#96782), Norwegian South-Eastern Regional Health Authority (#340480), Sanofi-Genzyme. JDM and ALS are funded by the National Institutes of Health (R01AI168295). The opinions and assertions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or the United States Department of War. JG, KK, TM, JS and MRJS are members of the European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Network (ERN RITA). The authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest.
