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Article History

Received: 21 February 2017

Accepted: 22 June 2017

First Online: 28 June 2017

Compliance with ethical standards

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: OW, MS, DS, BS and PS have no conflicts of interest. ARS developed a gender specific and habitus-adapted continuous-length based algorithm for weight and age rainting (CLAWAR) utilized in an electronic paediatric emergency ruler and calculator for drug dosage and recommendation of medical airway equipment. Patent (16184553.2-1657) pending. Patent rights belong to the University of Zurich, Switzerland. Dr. Spahn’s academic department is/has been receiving grant support from the Swiss National Science Foundation, Berne, Switzerland, the Ministry of Health (Gesundheitsdirektion) of the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland for Highly Specialized Medicine, the Swiss Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (SGAR), Berne, Switzerland, the Swiss Foundation for Anesthesia Research, Zurich, Switzerland, Bundesprogramm Chancengleichheit, Berne, Switzerland, CSL Behring, Berne, Switzerland, Vifor SA, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland. Dr. Spahn is the co-chair of the ABC-Trauma Faculty, managed by Physicians World Europe, Mannheim, Germany and sponsored by unrestricted educational grants from Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany and LFB Biomédicaments, Courtaboeuf Cedex, France. In the past 5 years, Dr. Spahn has received honoraria or travel support for consulting or lecturing from: Danube University of Krems, Austria, Abbott AG, Baar, Switzerland, AMGEN GmbH, Munich, Germany, AstraZeneca AG, Zug, Switzerland, Baxter AG, Volketswil, Switzerland, Baxter S.p.A., Roma, Italy, Bayer, Zürich, Switzerland and Berlin, Germany, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim (Schweiz) GmbH, Basel, Switzerland, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France and Baar, Switzerland, CSL Behring GmbH, Hattersheim am Main, Germany and Berne, Switzerland, Curacyte AG, Munich, Germany, Daiichi Sankyo (Schweiz) AG, Thalwil, Switzerland, Ethicon Biosurgery, Sommerville, New Jersey, USA, Fresenius SE, Bad Homburg v.d.H., Germany, Galenica AG, Bern, Switzerland (including Vifor SA, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland), GlaxoSmithKline GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany, Haemonetics, Braintree, MA, USA, Janssen-Cilag, Baar, Switzerland and Beerse, Belgium, LFB Biomédicaments, Courtaboeuf Cedex, France, Merck Sharp & Dohme AG, Luzern, Switzerland, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvärd, Denmark, Octapharma AG, Lachen, Switzerland, Organon AG, Pfäffikon/SZ, Switzerland, PAION Deutschland GmbH, Aachen, Germany, Pharmacosmos A/S, Holbaek, Denmark, Photonics Healthcare B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands, ratiopharm Arzneimittel Vertriebs-GmbH, Vienna, Austria, Roche, Reinach, Switzerland, Sarstedt AG & Co., Sevelen, Switzerland and Nümbrecht, Germany, Schering-Plough International, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA, Tem International GmbH, Munich, Germany, Verum Diagnostica GmbH, Munich, Germany, Vifor Pharma, Munich, Germany, Vienna, Austria and St. Gallen, Switzerland.

: This prospective single centre observational study was approved by local ethics committee (Kantonale Ethikkommission Zurich: EKZH 94-2015/2016-00271, Chairperson Dr. Peter Kleist) and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02805192). All necessary written informed consent from any patients involved in the study, including consent to participate in the study was obtained. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.