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Article History

Received: 5 February 2021

Accepted: 1 September 2021

First Online: 8 September 2021

Declarations

:

: For the present study: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Unrelated to the present study in the last 36 months: Dr. Messina received travel expenses and registration for meetings, congresses, and courses and lecture fees from Vygon, Edwards and Philips. Dr. Monge Garcia has received Honoraria and/or Travel Expenses from Edwards Lifesciences and Deltex Medical. He also received supply medical equipment (Doppler probes) in return for carrying out research works for Deltex Medical. Prof. Cecconi is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences, LiDCO and Cheetah Medical.

: This prospective multicenter randomized trial was carried-out in the operating rooms of three Italian tertiary hospitals: the Humanitas Research Hospital (Rozzano, Milano), the University hospital “Maggiore della Carità” (Novara) and the San Bortolo Hospital (Vicenza). The protocol was designed in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki; the study was approved by all the local institutional ethics committees [Ethical Committee of the Coordinator Center—Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milano; Italy); Protocol Number 92/19; 19 February 2019], and prospectively registered (NCT03810118).

: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.