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Article History

Received: 15 April 2022

Accepted: 17 September 2022

First Online: 5 October 2022

Declarations

:

: Dr. Messina received travel expenses and registration for meetings, congresses, and courses and lecture fees from Vygon and Edwards. Prof. Cecconi is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences, LiDCO and Cheetah Medical.

: Ethical approval for this study was not required because the study is based on a secondary analysis of previously published trials. Each trial was performed after approval of the local Institutional Ethics Committees of each involved center all were prospectively registered.

: Not applicable.

: Informed written consent was obtained from all the participants of the trials included in the analysis at the time of enrolment in a prior study.