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Article History

Received: 15 October 2024

Accepted: 15 November 2024

First Online: 10 December 2024

Declarations

:

: MC had financial interest in a part of the ICM + software licensing fee (Cambridge Enterprise Ltd.). All the other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: The research ethics committee (29 REC 97/291) and interdisciplinary NCCU Users’ Group approved the collection of these data. Because the assessment of CO2 reactivity was part of normal clinical management and since no patient confidentiality issues were involved, formal informed consent was not needed. These anonymized data are subsequently made available for future research (Brain Physics Lab research database; REC 23/YH/0085). The data curation process adheres to the research integrity guidelines outlined in the UK Health Departments' (2011) Governance Arrangements for Research Ethics Committees. The data were fully anonymised, and no data protection issues were involved.

: The manuscript complies with all the instructions of the authors. We confirm that authorship requirements have been met and that all authors have read and approved the submitted final manuscript. The manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere or published elsewhere in whole or in part. All coauthors fulfil standard criteria for coauthorship and have disclosed potential conflicts of interest.

: The manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere or published elsewhere in whole or in part. Figure  was created in BioRender.com.