Document is current

Article History

Received: 23 August 2024

Accepted: 18 February 2025

First Online: 10 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the ethics committee (Ethikkomission der Ärztekammer Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany) and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.

: DB has no competing interests to declare. MF is a consultant for and has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). MF has received honoraria for consulting and giving lectures from CNSystems Medizintechnik (Graz, Austria). MF is an Editor of the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. KK is a consultant for and has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). KK is a consultant for Vygon (Aachen, Germany). BS is a consultant for and has received institutional restricted research grants and honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). BS is a consultant for Philips North America (Cambridge, MA, USA) and has received honoraria for giving lectures from Philips Medizin Systeme Böblingen (Böblingen, Germany). BS has received institutional restricted research grants and honoraria for giving lectures from Baxter (Deerfield, IL, USA). BS is a consultant for and has received institutional restricted research grants and honoraria for giving lectures from GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA). BS has received institutional restricted research grants and honoraria for giving lectures from CNSystems Medizintechnik (Graz, Austria). BS is a consultant for Maquet Critical Care (Solna, Sweden). BS has received honoraria for giving lectures from Getinge (Gothenburg, Sweden). BS is a consultant for and has received institutional restricted research grants and honoraria for giving lectures from Pulsion Medical Systems (Feldkirchen, Germany). BS is a consultant for and has received institutional restricted research grants and honoraria for giving lectures from Vygon (Aachen, Germany). BS is a consultant for and has received institutional restricted research grants from Retia Medical (Valhalla, NY, USA). BS has received honoraria for giving lectures from Masimo (Neuchâtel, Switzerland). BS is a consultant for Dynocardia (Cambridge, MA, USA). BS has received institutional restricted research grants from Osypka Medical (Berlin, Germany). BS was a consultant for and has received institutional restricted research grants from Tensys Medical (San Diego, CA, USA). BS is an Editor of the British Journal of Anaesthesia.