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Article History

Received: 28 May 2025

Accepted: 7 July 2025

First Online: 17 July 2025

Declarations

:

: JR, CM, and RD declare to have no conflicts of interest.CDG is a consultant for and has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). KK is a consultant for and has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). KK is a consultant for Vygon (Aachen, Germany). MIMG has previously been employed by, is currently a consultant for, and has received honoraria for lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). MIMG is a consultant for Dynocardia (Cambridge, MA, USA) and Deltex Medical (Chichester, UK). EC has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA) and MSD (Puteaux, France). LF is a consultant for and has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA).MS is a consultant for and has received institutional research funding for investigator-initiated trials and honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). MS has received honoraria for giving lectures from AMOMED (Vienna, Austria), Orion Pharma (Hamburg, Germany), and Philips Medizin Systeme Böblingen (Böblingen, Germany). SJD is a consultant for and has received institutional restricted research grants and honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA).AD is a consultant for BIOVIIIx (Napoli, Italy) and Viatris (Milano, Itlay) and received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards (Trezzano sul Naviglio Milano, Italy), Aspen (Verona, Italy), and Grifols (Vicopisano PI, Italy). JRM has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA), Baxter (Deerfield, IL, USA), and Fresenius Kabi (Bad Homburg, Germany). DGL has received honoraria for lectures from for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). BV is a consultant for and has received honoraria for lectures from for giving lectures from TEVA-ratiopharm (Ulm, Germany). BV has received honoraria for lectures from for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA) and Vygon (Aachen, Germany). EG has received consultant fees from Baxter (Deerfield, IL, USA) and Mindray (Shenzhen, Chine) and research grants from Radiometer (Krefeld, Germany) and Philips (Böblingen, Germany). EN is a consultant for and has received research support from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA) and is a consultant for MSD (Rahay, USA), Masimo (Neuchatel, Switzerland), Laboratoire Aguettant (Lyon, France), Pfizer (New York, USA), and Fisher & Paykel (Auckland, New-Zealand). TvdB has previously been employed by Edwards Lifesciences (Nyon, Switzerland).PB is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA), and his institution IPPMed received research funding for the organisation of the EU HYPROTECT registry. BS is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA), Philips North America (Cambridge, MA, USA), GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA), Maquet Critical Care (Solna, Sweden), Pulsion Medical Systems (Feldkirchen, Germany), Vygon (Aachen, Germany), Retia Medical (Valhalla, NY, USA), Masimo (Neuchâtel, Switzerland), Dynocardia (Cambridge, MA, USA). BS has received institutional restricted research grants from Edwards Lifesciences, Baxter (Deerfield, IL, USA), GE Healthcare, CNSystems Medizintechnik (Graz, Austria), Pulsion Medical Systems, Vygon, Retia Medical, Osypka Medical (Berlin, Germany). BS has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences, Philips Medizin Systeme Böblingen (Böblingen, Germany), Baxter, GE Healthcare, CNSystems Medizintechnik, Getinge (Gothenburg, Sweden), Pulsion Medical Systems, Vygon, Masimo, Ratiopharm (Ulm, Germany). BS is an Editor of the British Journal of Anaesthesia.TWLS is an employee of BD Advanced Patient Monitoring (Heidelberg, Germany). UHF is a consultant for and has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA) and TEVA-ratiopharm (Ulm, Germany). He has received honoraria for giving lectures from CSL Behring (King of Prussia, PA, USA).

: None.