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Article History

Received: 6 February 2026

Accepted: 10 February 2026

First Online: 21 February 2026

Declarations

:

: BS is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA), Philips North America (Cambridge, MA, USA), GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA), Vygon (Aachen, Germany), Masimo (Neuchâtel, Switzerland), Retia Medical (Valhalla, NY, USA), Maquet Critical Care (Solna, Sweden), Pulsion Medical Systems (Feldkirchen, Germany), Dynocardia (Cambridge, MA, USA), RDS (Strasbourg, France). BS has received institutional restricted research grants from Edwards Lifesciences, Baxter (Deerfield, IL, USA), GE Healthcare, Masimo, Philips Medizin Systeme Böblingen (Böblingen, Germany), CNSystems Medizintechnik (Graz, Austria), Pulsion Medical Systems, Vygon, Retia Medical, Osypka Medical (Berlin, Germany). BS has received honoraria for giving lectures from Edwards Lifesciences, Philips Medizin Systeme Böblingen, Baxter, GE Healthcare, Masimo, CNSystems Medizintechnik, Getinge (Gothenburg, Sweden), Pulsion Medical Systems, Vygon, Ratiopharm (Ulm, Germany). BS is an Editor of the British Journal of Anaesthesia. KL received consulting fees from Philips (a manufacturer of oscillometric NIBP devices) since 2024. Over the past three years, KL has received honoraria for delivering a lecture from Vygon, as well as congress registration and travel support from Advanz Pharma/Correvio (once in 2024 and once in 2025) and AOP Health (once in 2024). KL is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing.