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Article History

Received: 22 October 2025

Accepted: 27 February 2026

First Online: 9 March 2026

Change Date: 5 April 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised due to update in the author affiliation

Declarations

:

: Sung-Hoon Kim and Chang-Hoe Heo are researchers of Signal House Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea) and Sung-Hoon Kim is the founder and stakeholder of the company. Sung-Hoon Kim also serves as an Editorial Board for the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. To ensure impartiality, he had no involvement in the editorial handling or peer-review process of this manuscript. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (AMC) (Approval No. 2023 − 1504) and registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Republic of Korea (Registration No. KCT0009380).

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.

: This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data (including images or videos); therefore, consent for publication was not required.