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Authors
Aguirre, Luis A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-9755
Theis, Nina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0142-1654
Pak, Ji-Hyun
Abbott, Simon
Clemente, Seanne R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1232-6679
Adler, Lynn S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-5582
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (NSF 209 1451512; 1938059)
Spaulding-Smith Fellowship, UMass Amherst
Predissertation and Dissertation Research Grants, UMass Amherst Graduate School
Research Grant, OEB Graduate Program, UMass Amherst
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NE2001)
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Revised: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 25 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article:Table shows VOCs present in milkweed floral scent and their respective emission rates. Table presents the results of the SIMPER analysis. Figure shows the distribution of trait-pair correlation values between VOCs and floral morphological traits. Figure shows distributions of floral trait-pair correlations (Pearson’s r ). Figure shows the trait-pair correlation changes due to herbivory.
