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Authors
Zhao, Chenyu https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2439-7053
Li, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-591X
Xu, Qintuan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9780-0278
Wang, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4319
Xie, Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8013-7274
Ji, Xiangxiang https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7176-3308
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3108300)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52471375)
Asian Cooperation Fund Project: China-ASEAN WaterSurface Oil Spill Remote Sensing Detection System
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3132023507)
the Dalian High-LeveTalent Innovation Program (2022RG02)
Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2024-BS-022)
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 16 September 2025
Declarations
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: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Wordvice AI and ChatGPT for English language polishing and grammar correction. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
