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Authors
Nnawulezi, Nkiru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-6480
Macy, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4212-9753
Wretman, Christopher https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-1665
Radtke, Spenser https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-3156
Clark, D. Angus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-492X
Sullivan, Cris M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-6668
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHSP233201600070C)
U.S. Department of Justice (HHSP233201600070C)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1117416)
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2024
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
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: This research was supported by a subcontract from the Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence, who received funding through a contract with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) in partnership with the Department of Justice’s Office for Victims of Crime [contract #HHSP233201600070C], and by a grant from the Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence, who received funding from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [#OPP1117416]. Points of view do not necessarily represent the position or policies of the funders.
