Funding for this research was provided by:
Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship’Program (Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship’Program)
Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation (Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation)
Collectif de recherches et d’actions pour la sécurité, l’autonomie et la santé de toutes les femmes (Collectif de recherches et d’actions pour la sécurité, l’autonomie et la santé de toutes les femmes (SAS-Femmes))
Joey and Odette Basmaji Foundation (Joey and Odette Basmaji Foundation)
Trajectoires de violence conjugale et de recherche d’aide (Trajectoires de violence conjugale et de recherche d’aide (Trajet-vi))
Recherches Appliquées et Interdisciplinaires sur les Violences intimes, familiales et structurelles (Recherches Appliquées et Interdisciplinaires sur les Violences intimes, familiales et structurelles (RAIV))
Université de Montréal’s Student Excellence Scholarship Program (Université de Montréal’s Student Excellence Scholarship Program)
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada)
Article History
Received: 27 October 2024
Accepted: 2 November 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Change Date: 16 March 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In the published version, there are remaining “[blinded]” indications or missing identifiers in the abstract, and in other sections such as the methods. For example, "[country]", "[region 1]", and "[region 2]" should be updated to "Canada", "Québec", and "Ontario" simultaneously.
Change Date: 18 March 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-026-01096-z
Declarations
:
: Our research has received ethical certification from the Université du Québec à Montréal and the Université de Montréal. Participation was voluntary, and participants could withdraw from the study at any time without providing a reason. To preserve anonymity, we referred to participants using alphanumeric codes and removed any information that could be used to identify specific people or places.
: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.