Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (R01NS112694)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by Mass General Brigham’s Institutional Review Board.
: Informed consent was obtained from participants verbally and in writing.
: Aylin E. Tanriverdi has no competing interests to disclose. Eve M. Valera is employed by Massachusetts General Hospital and receives funding from the National Institutes of Health (R01NS112694). Grant L. Iverson, Ph.D. serves or has served as a scientific advisor for NanoDX ® , Sway Operations, LLC, and Highmark, Inc. He has a clinical and consulting practice in forensic neuropsychology, including expert testimony, involving individuals who have sustained mild TBIs. He has received past research support or funding from several test publishing companies, including ImPACT Applications, Inc., CNS Vital Signs, and Psychological Assessment Resources (PAR, Inc.). He receives royalties from the sales of one neuropsychological test (WCST-64). He has received research funding as a principal investigator from the National Football League, and subcontract grant funding as a collaborator from the Harvard Integrated Program to Protect and Improve the Health of National Football League Players Association Members. He has also received research funding from the Wounded Warrior Project™. He acknowledges unrestricted philanthropic support from the Mooney-Reed Charitable Foundation, ImPACT Applications, Inc., the Heinz Family Foundation, National Rugby League, Boston Bolts, and the Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation. None of the above entities were involved in the study design, analysis, interpretation, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication.
: This study presents original contributions. The design and analytic plan were not preregistered. The study's hypotheses were not disclosed to participants. All authors had access to the raw data and statistical analyses. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0.0 and RStudio.
