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Authors
Haque, M. Atiqul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-2550
Jernbro, Carolina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-2752
Fatema, Khandakar https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2996-695X
Janson, Staffan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-6791
Eriksson, Ulla-Britt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-3948
Moniruzzaman, Syed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-9016
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karlstad University
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) (Memo No. BSMMU/2017/3228(A), dated April 1, 2017). Ethical approval was also obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Uppsala University, Sweden.
: The confidentiality of the caregivers was assured, and informed consent was obtained through written permission before the interview. Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and non-paid, and they could withdraw from the study at any time. Given that some questions in the ICAST-P are sensitive and may cause discomfort, the interviewer concluded each interview by asking how the caregivers felt and encouraged them to discuss their feelings with a trusted person if the interview had led to any unpleasant emotions.
: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
