Larroulet, Pilar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-8122
Pino, Francisco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-9834
Clarke, Damian https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9113-2188
Brito, Emilia
Bhalotra, Sonia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8634-8822
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (COVID 00593)
National Bureau of Economic Research (Grants on Women, Victimization, and COVID-19)
Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social (ANID/FONDAP/15130009)
H2020 European Research Council (VAW 885698)
British Academy (SG171370)
Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 1 May 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was supported by NBER Research Grants on Women, Victimization, and COVID-19 (Bill & Melinda Gates Grant), The Ministry of Science Chile (ANID grant COVID00593), the Centre for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (ANID/FONDAP/15130009), the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant Evidence-VAW 885698, and the British Academy small grant (SG171370). Brito gratefully acknowledges the use of the services and facilities of the California Center for Population Research at UCLA (P2C HD041022). The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.