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Authors
Kolberg, Eirin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6106-6447
Smith, Otto R. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-2239
Leino, Tony https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-4153
Pallesen, Ståle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-0840
Griffiths, Mark D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-6524
Mentzoni, Rune Aune https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-0292
Syvertsen, André https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-3758
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Bergen
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Article History
Accepted: 18 December 2024
First Online: 18 January 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Related Research Ethics in Western Norway (no. 30393). A Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), made in collaboration with the University of Bergen, was approved by the Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen. Because the data were anonymized before it was obtained by the authors, the Ethics committee granted a waiver regarding informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests except MDG. MDG has received research funding from Norsk Tipping (the gambling operator owned by the Norwegian government). MDG has received funding for a number of research projects in the area of gambling education for young people, social responsibility in gambling and gambling treatment from Gamble Aware (formerly the Responsibility in Gambling Trust), a charitable body which funds its research program based on donations from the gambling industry. MDG undertakes consultancy for various gambling companies in the area of player protection and harm-minimization in gambling.
