Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 14 May 2025

First Online: 12 June 2025

Declarations

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: LC is the Director of the Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, which is supported by funding from the Province of British Columbia and the British Columbia Lottery Corporation (BCLC), a Canadian Crown Corporation. The Province of BC government and the BCLC had no role in the preparation of this article and impose no constraints on publishing. LC has received remuneration from the International Center for Responsible Gaming (travel and speaker honoraria; reviewing), the Institut fur Glucksspiel und Gesellschaft (Germany; travel and speaker honoraria), GambleAware (UK; academic services), Gambling Research Australia (academic services), Alberta Gambling Research Institute (Canada; academic services), German Foundation for Gambling Research (advisory board; travel and consultancy). He has been remunerated for legal consultancy by the BCLC. He has not received any further direct or indirect payments from the gambling industry or groups substantially funded by gambling. LC receives an honorarium for his role as Co-Editor-in-Chief for International Gambling Studies from Taylor & Francis, and he has received royalties from Cambridge Cognition Ltd. relating to neurocognitive testing. FA has received a commission from Gambling Research Exchange of Ontario (GREO) to write a white paper. CAW has received research funding from the International Centre for Responsible Gaming. WSM previously received training and funding from The Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, a research laboratory jointly supported by the Government of British Columbia and the British Columbia Lottery Corporation (BCLC; a Canadian Crown Corporation). WSM has been awarded a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Alberta Gambling Research Institute, a joint initiative between Alberta universities and the Government of Alberta. MVC has received research funding from the International Centre for Responsible Gaming and has received a speaker’s honorarium from the Responsible Gaming Association of New Mexico. MAF is an employee of Skillsetter Inc., a software company specializing in counselling and interpersonal skills building; this work began as a paid consulting role. MAF has received doctoral fellowship funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). He has received a speaker honorarium from the British Columbia Lottery Corporation (BCLC). MAF has not received any further direct or indirect payments from the gambling industry or groups substantially funded by gambling.