Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 11 July 2025

First Online: 5 August 2025

Declarations

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: During the past 5 years, International Gaming Institute (IGI) at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), has received research and program funding from ESPN, MGM Resorts International, Draft Kings, American Gaming Association, Wynn Resorts Ltd, Las Vegas Sands Corporation, Entain Foundation, Aristocrat Gaming, San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, Axes.ai, Sports Betting Alliance, Playtech, Sightline Payments, Global Payments, the State of Nevada Knowledge Fund, and State of Nevada Department of Health and Human Services. IGI runs the triennial research-focused International Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking, whose sponsors include industry, academic, and legal/regulatory stakeholders in gambling. A full list of sponsors for the most recent conference can be found at . IGI maintains a strict research policy (), as well as partnership and transparency framework () to ensure appropriate firewalls exist between funding entities—no matter the entity’s classification—and IGI’s research and programs.During the past 5 years, Kasra Ghaharian has received funding for research and/or consulting services from the Nevada Department of Health and Human Services, the Nevada Governor’s Office of Economic Development, the Massachusetts Gaming Commission, AXES.ai, Playtech, IGT, Differential Labs, Focal Research Consultants, Yaspa, GP Consulting, and the Massachusetts Gaming Commission. From 2020 to 2022 Ghaharian worked as a Research Assistant for UNLV IGI and conducted research that was supported by funding from the IGI Payments Research Collaborative and Sports Betting Alliance. Ghaharian has received honoraria/travel reimbursement from the Responsible Gambling Council, the Illinois Council on Problem Gambling, and Kindred Group. Ghaharian also holds an equity interest in the Department of Trust and is a member of their advisory network. None of these entities played roles in the design, analysis, or interpretation of this study, and impose no constraints on publishing.Jay Peterson has no conflicts of interest to disclose.During the past 5 years Mana Azizsoltani has received funding for research AXES.ai and the State of Nevada Department of Health and Human Services.During the past 5 years Richard Young has received research funding from the State of Nevada Department of Health and Human Services.During the past 5 years, Eric R. Louderback has provided paid consulting services on player safety programs for Premier Lotteries Ireland, and has received travel reimbursement and speaker honoraria fees from the International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG). He has also received travel reimbursement and speaker honoraria fees from the Responsible Gaming Association of New Mexico.