Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 March 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures of the present study conformed to ethical standards for research involving human participants and APA ethical guidelines. The current study was conducted in accordance with the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI) guidelines and was approved by the University College Cork’s School of Applied Psychology Ethics committee (FYP 0611202001).

: Were informed about the voluntary nature of the study, provided with information about the study, and required to provide voluntary consent prior to participation

: Raegan Murphy, Sam Downes, and Michael Murphy have no conflicts to declare. Amanda Roberts has received funding from the Study of Addiction (SSA) and the Gambling research Exchange Ontario (GREO). Steve Sharman has received funding from the Society for the Study of Addiction (SSA), the King’s Prize Fellowship Scheme funded by the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund, and as part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre funding for the National Addiction Centre. Jeffrey Derevensky holds or has held multiple research grants from The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), Manitoba Gambling Foundation, Florida Council on Compulsive Gambling, U.S. National Council on Problem Gambling, Fonds de recherche du Québec—Société et culture (FQRSC) and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.