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Authors
Kauppila, Emmi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-923X
Hautamäki, Sari https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6479-1596
Savolainen, Iina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8811-965X
Castrén, Sari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-9610
Velleman, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-9704
Oksanen, Atte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4143-5580
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tampere University
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: Before the data collection, ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Tampere region (Statement 24/2021).
: Participation in the survey was entirely voluntary. To encourage responses, Norstat offers points which participants can convert to gift cards or charity donations. At the beginning of the survey, participants were informed about the aims of the study. Moreover, they were notified that completing the survey would be considered as giving consent to participate. Additionally, participants were reminded of their right to withdraw at any point without consequences. The research team received anonymized data from the data provider company, ensuring that all analyses were conducted on non-identifiable information.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
