Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Gandhi, Monique N. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5263-2517
Dowling, Nicki A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-2407
Thomas, Anna C.
Rodda, Simone N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-1003
Hawker, Chloe O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9997-4790
Dias, Stephanie E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-8305
Merkouris, Stephanie S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-6121
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deakin University
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 3 March 2026
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 13 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The original study received ethical approval from the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (DUHREC: 2021-006).
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare in relation to this article. The 3-year declaration of interest statement of this research team is as follows: In the last three years, SM, ND, AT, SR, CH, and SD have received research and/or consultancy funding from multiple sources, including via hypothecated taxes from gambling revenue. SM has received research funding from the Victorian Department of Justice and Community Safety, Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling, Dutch Research Council (ZonMw), Gambling Research Australia, Health Research Council of New Zealand and the New Zealand Ministry of Health. She has also been the recipient of a New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. None of the authors have received research funding from the gambling, tobacco, or alcohol industries, or any industry-sponsored organisation. ND has received research funding from the Victorian Department of Justice and Community Safety, Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling, Dutch Research Council (ZonMw), Gambling Research Australia, Sveska Spel’s Independent Research Council, Health Research Council of New Zealand, and New Zealand Ministry of Health. AT has received funding from Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, Victorian Department of Justice and Community Safety, Office of Responsible Gambling New South Wales, Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation Queensland, the New Zealand Ministry of Health, Gambling Research Australia and Outside Opinion. SR has received research funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Health, Internet New Zealand, Ember Korowai Takitini, Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, and New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling. CH has received research funding from the Victorian Department of Justice and Community Safety, Dutch Research Council (ZonMw) and New Zealand Ministry of Health. SD has received research funding from the New Zealand Ministry of Health.
