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Authors
Quy, Luu Xuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-7596
Hanh, Tran Thi Tuyet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-577X
Van Can, Phan
Hoang, Le Tu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-7914
Hai, Phan Thi
Anh, Duong Tu
Thanh, Nguyen Thi Minh
Trang, Phan Thị Thu
Van Minh, Hoang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-5536
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vietnam Tobacco Control Fund (114/2024/QPCTHTL-ĐHYTCC)
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 16 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: Ethical approval for PGATS was obtained from the Ethical Committee for Biomedical Research at the HUPH under Decision No. 318/2020/YTCC-HD3 dated 30 July 2020 for PGATS 2020; under Decision No. 242/2022/YTCC-HD3 dated 15 June 2022 for PGATS 2022; and under Decision No. 353/2024/YTCC-HD dated 15 August 2024 for PGATS 2024.
