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Authors
Albalwi, Thamer A.
Moulahi, Ali
Maatoug, Samah
Ibrahim, Mohamed Abdelfattah
Madani, Mohamed A. O.
Alsherari, Sahr A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Tabuk (S-2024-0076)
the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Tabuk (S-2024-0076)
the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Tabuk (S-2024-0076)
the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Tabuk (S-2024-0076)
the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Tabuk (S-2024-0076)
the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Tabuk (S-2024-0076)
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 7 June 2025
First Online: 19 June 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Research results are not misrepresented. The results are presented clearly, honestly and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation. The results are appropriately placed in the context of prior and existing research. No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own. This is the author’s own original work, which has not been previously published elsewhere. The manuscript is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. The manuscript reflects the author’s own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner. The manuscript properly credits the meaningful contributions of co-authors. All authors have been personally and actively involved in substantial work leading to the manuscript and will take public responsibility for its content.
