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Authors
Hansen, Nina https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9533-510X
Moberg, Ingrid M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-3157
Solbakken, Monica Hongrø https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-403X
Gunnes, Gjermund https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-1027
Borge, Kaja Sverdrup https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-468X
Arnet, Ellen Frøysadal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-8709
Guttersrud, Ole Albert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-1863
Bergholtz, Helga https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-1106
Lingaas, Frode https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0115-2888
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Norges Forskningsråd (NFR-326076)
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
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: Sample collection was performed by certified veterinarians at private veterinary clinics in Norway during routine clinical and mammary tumor surgery procedures, and in agreement with the provisions enforced by the Norwegian Animal Research Authority and the Norwegian Regulation on Animal Experimentation [ ].
: The authors declare no competing interests.
