Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 14 November 2024

First Online: 30 December 2024

Declarations

:

: N/A

: N/A

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: ¹ The examined texts relied on diverse methods to responsibilize the patients and/or physicians for the opioid crisis. For instance, 11 articles relied on empirical data, 7 on qualitative, 3 on quantitative, and 1 on mixed methods, to support their claims. Four articles focused on intervention or quality improvement projects; two on patients’ self-report questionnaires as part of a quality assurance improvement project; one on electronic health records; one on pharmacy, hospital, medical enrolment, and demographic data for all study years; four on literature review; two on data set; one on autobiography; one on grey as well as peer-reviewed literature; one on patients’ self-report data; one on media coverage; and three on prescription data. In our sample, there were no articles that employed a historical or critical analysis to examine other regulatory and structural factors which are predominantly linked with the crisis.² See Hanemaayer () for an analysis of how guidelines can also deresponsibilize physicians’ judgment.