Liu, Lizuo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-9941
Li, Tongtong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-4764
Gelb, Anne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-4572
Lee, Yoonsang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5573-9414
Funding for this research was provided by:
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (f9550-22-1-0411)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025555)
Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (N00014-20-1-259)
Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Revised: 3 January 2026
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Anne Gelb is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Scientific Computing. The authors have no other relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.