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Authors
Aminnejad, Neda
Buajitti, Emmalin
Rosella, Laura C.
Huang, Huaxiong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ICES funded by Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Long-Term Care
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This project was approved by the University of Toronto Research Ethics Board Protocol #37650. ICES is a prescribed entity under Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA). Section 45 of PHIPA authorizes ICES to collect personal health information, without consent, for the purpose of analysis or compiling statistical information with respect to the management of, evaluation or monitoring of, the allocation of resources to or planning for all or part of the health system. Projects that use data collected by ICES under section 45 of PHIPA, and use no other data, are exempt from the Research Ethics Board (REB) review. The use of the data in this project is authorized under section 45 and approved by ICES’ Privacy and Legal Office. All the records in this study were de-identified.
: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
