Han, Juhyuk
Kim, Minjae
Kim, Yeonwoo
Lee, Won Hee
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion (RS-2024-00509257)
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (RS-2025–02293110)
Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in compliance with ethical standards for research involving human data. The datasets used, including MIMIC-CXR and IU X-Ray, are publicly available and were accessed following the data use agreements specified by their respective providers. All patient data were de-identified to ensure privacy and confidentiality, adhering to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. No experiments involving human participants or animals were conducted directly by the authors as part of this research. The methodologies developed and applied in this study aim to enhance clinical utility while prioritizing patient welfare and data security. The authors declare no conflicts of interest and affirm that the manuscript adheres to ethical guidelines for authorship and publication.