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Authors
Feldman, Kelly
Hamza, Sarah
Stocking, Jacqueline C.
Murray, Stephen
Grogan, Tristan
Sallee, Colin J.
Gabel, Eilon
Wingert, Theodora https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-9150
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1K01HL168222)
NIH-NICHD (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) Pediatric Critical Care and Trauma Scientist Development Program (5K12HD047349-22)
Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER) and the Society of Academic Associations of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (1K08EB038393)
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted as part of a larger study on extubation failure that was reviewed and approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board (IRB) under expedited review (IRB #23-000296). The IRB determined that the research involved no greater than minimal risk and granted a waiver of informed consent, parental permission, and HIPAA authorization.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
