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Authors
Oftring, Zoe S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5473-2141
Schmidt, Jeremy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-7194
Greenfield, Julia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-0393
Hägele, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-0167
Farzaneh, Armin https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0718-9210
Hamelmann, Eckard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-8248
Behrends, Uta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-4386
Kuhn, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-2973
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Philipps-Universität Marburg
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from ethics committee Westphalia-Lippe and received on 28.09.2022, approval number 2022-534-f-S as well as from the ethics committee in Munich (TUM), approval number CCP09.001. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study prior to study start.
: UB declares to have received travel expenses/lecture fees on the topics of PCS and ME/CFS from the Bavarian State Chamber of Pharmacists (BLAK) and the German Society for Pediatric Rehabilitation as well as research funding from the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the Bavarian State Ministry of Health and Care (StMGP), the Bavarian State Ministry of Science and the Arts (StMWK), the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) and the Menschen-für-Kinder, Weidenhammer-Zöbele and Lost Voices foundations. SK is the company owner of MED.digital GmbH. The other authors ZSO, JS, JG, MH, AF, and EH declare no conflicts of interest.
