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Article History

Received: 1 November 2023

Accepted: 2 April 2024

First Online: 9 May 2024

Declarations

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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.

: The authors have read and understood the publishing policy, and submit this manuscript in accordance with this policy.

: The authors confirm that they understand journal Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation is a transformative journal. When research is accepted for publication, there is a choice to publish using either immediate gold open access or the traditional publishing route.